Here is just a mere HANDFUL of the many articles out there on pine and cedar toxicity.


Web Articles - All of these articles are available for review on the Web.

Ducommun, Debbie, The Toxicity of Pine and Cedar Shavings.

Ducommun, Debbie, Cage Hygiene, Healthy Litters, and Beddings

Colorado RMCA, No Cedar or Pine.

American Fancy Rat and Mouse Association, Cedar and Pine Shavings are Toxic to ALL Small Animals! October 1993.

TeSelle, Elizabeth R., The Problem With Pine: A Discussion of Softwood Beddings.

Harriman, Marinell, Litterboxes and Liver Disease (In consultation with Marliss Geissler, DVM, and Carolynn Harvey, DVM).

Johnston, Jeff, Respiratory Toxicity of Cedar and Pine Wood.


Published Articles - This list was given to me by Alicia Gangi of RodentFancy. Many Thanks!

Odynets, A. et al., Beddings for Laboratory Animals: Criteria of Biological Evaluation. Lab. Zyhvotnye, 1 (3) p. 70-6 (1991)

Vesell, Elliot S., Induction of Drug-Metabolizing Enzymes in Liver Microsomes of Mice and Rats by Softwood Bedding. Science, 157 p. 1057-8 (1967)

Weichbrod, Robert H. et al, Effects of Cage Beddings on Microsomal Oxidative Enzymes in Rat Liver. Laboratory Animal Science, 38 (3) p. 296-8 (1988)

Vaughan, T.L. and S. Davis, Wood Dust Exposure and Squamous Cell Cancers of the Upper Respiratory Tract. American Journal of Epidemiology, 133 (6), p. 560 4 (1991)

Harriman, Marinell, Litterboxes and Liver Disease. House Rabbit Journal, I (12) p.8-9 (1989)

Ayars GH, et al., The toxicity of constituents of cedar and pine woods to pulmonary epithelium. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1989 Mar;83(3):610-8.

Burek JD, Schwetz BA, Considerations in the selection and use of chemicals within the animal facility. Lab Anim Sci 1980 Apr;30(2 Pt 2):414-21

Ayars GH, Altman LC, Frazier CE, Chi EY, The toxicity of constituents of cedar and pine woods to pulmonary epithelium. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1989 Mar;83(3):610-8 Department of Internal Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195.

Chan-Yeung M., Desjardins A., Bronchial hyperresponsiveness and level of exposure in occupational asthma due to western red cedar (Thuja plicata). Am Rev Respir Dis 1992;146:1606-9.

Chan-Yeung M, MacLean L, Paggiaro PL., Follow-up study of 232 patients with occupational asthma caused by western red cedar (Thuja plicata). J Allergy Clin Immunol 1987;79:792-6.

Hausen BM, Kreuger A, Mohnert J, Hahn H, Konig WA. Contact allergy due to colophony (III). Sensitizing potency of resin acids and some related products. Contact Dermatitis 1989;20:41-50. Comments: Contact Dermatitis 1989;21:282-5.

Salari H, Howard S, Chan H, Dryden P, Chan-Yeung M. Involvement of immunologic mechanisms in a guinea model of western red cedar asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1994;93:877-84.

Pelkonen KH, et al., Cytotoxicity and biotransformation inducing activity of rodent beddings: a global survey using the Hepa-1 assay. Toxicology. 1997 Sep 26;122(1-2):73-80.

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